Eel Farming

International eel fishery centers centralized in Taiwan, Japan, Hong Kong, France and Malaysia. While the centers of eel fisheries in Indonesia were in Yogyakarta and West Java area. In other regions, is just the shelter eels caught from the wild or as a post shelter.

Eel aquaculture is not difficult nor expensive. Communities that have a narrow area can maintain the eel. Technically Cultivation and maintenance of eel (Monopterus albus) only requires attention in choosing a place / location of cultivation, making ponds, maintenance media, select the seeds, eel breeding, hatching, food and eating habits as well as pests.
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1. A BRIEF HISTORY OF FARMING EEL

Eel is a type of consumption of freshwater fish with elongated rounded body shape that only has a dorsal fin and body slippery. Eels like to eat fish kids are still small. Usually live in rice paddies, in rawa-rawa/lumpur and at many times smaller. In Indonesia since 1979, the eel became known and loved, until now widely cultivated eel and became one of the export commodity.

2. FISH EEL FISHERIES CENTER

International eel fishery centers centralized in Taiwan, Japan, Hong Kong, France and Malaysia. While the centers of eel fisheries in Indonesia were in Yogyakarta and West Java area. In other regions, is just the shelter eels caught from the wild or as a post shelter.

3. TYPE - TYPE EEL

Classification eels are as follows:
Class: Pisces
Subclass: Teleostei
Order: Synbranchoidae
Family: Synbranchidae
Genus: Synbranchus
Species: bengalensis Synbranchus Mc clell (swamp eel); Monopterus Zuieuw albus (eel rice); Macrotema caligans Cannot (eel times / sea)

So there is an eel type 3 (three) kinds of swamp eel, rice eel and eel times / sea. However, eels are frequently encountered type is the type of rice field eel.

4. EEL FARMING BENEFITS

Benefits of the eel is:

1. As the supply of animal protein sources.
2. As the fulfillment of daily needs.
3. As the blood booster medicine.

5. LOCATION REQUIREMENTS EEL FARMING

1. In climatological fish eel does not require climatic conditions and geographical specifics. Altitude eel fish farming can be in the lowlands to the highlands. Similarly, humidity and rainfall there is no specific limitation.
2. Water quality for maintenance of eels should be clean, not too muddy and contaminated with toxic chemicals, and oil / waste plant. Pond bottom soil conditions are not toxic.
3. Air temperature / optimum temperature untukpertumbuhan eels ranged between 25-31 degrees C.
4. In principle, the condition of the waters is that water must be clean and rich in osigen especially for seeds / seedlings are still small is size 1-2 cm. As for the subsequent development of adult eels do not select the quality of water and can live in the murky water.

6. EEL FARMING TECHNICAL GUIDELINES

1. Preparation Facility and Equipment
1. Please note that this type of pond fish farming eels must be distinguished among others: the parent pool / pond spawning, nursery ponds (for seed eel size 1-2 cm), juvenile eel ponds (for eel size 3-5 cm) and pool maintenance eel consumption ( divided into two stages, each of which takes 2 months), namely for the maintenance of eel size 5-8 cm up to a size 15-20 cm and for the maintenance of eels with size up to a size 15-20 cm 30-40 cm.
2. Building the types of swimming eels are generally the same relative distinguished only by the size, capacity and carrying capacity of eel itself.
3. The size of the pool holding capacity is 6 fish / m 2. For nursery ponds (size 1-2 cm eel) maximum capacity 500 heads / m 2. For the eel pond teens (size 2-5 cm) maximum capacity 250 heads / m 2. And for the first phase of a swimming eel consumption (size 5-8 cm) maximum capacity 100 individuals / m 2. As well as a swimming eel consumption of the second stage (size 15-20cm) maximum capacity 50 head / m 2, until the later harvesting eel length measuring 3-50 cm.
4. Making a swimming eel with materials like walls / cemented and plastered the basic bath is not necessary.
5. Other equipment form the basis of media pools, water source that is always there, catching the necessary tools, plastic buckets and other equipment.
6. Basic media pool consists of organic materials like manure, rice husks and rice straw. The way the pool is empty for the first layer of rice husks are 10 cm thick, covered with manure on top of 10 cm thick, then above it again backfilled with ties straw or hay. After the piles of organic materials is completed (a total of around 30 cm thick), acting water flowed into the pond slowly to a height of 50 cm (organic material + water). Thus the basic media pool is complete, the media is allowed to stay a while in order to become muddy rice fields. After that eels released into the pond.
2. Preparation of Seeds eel
1. Preparing Seedlings eel
1. Children who are ready eels reared intensively are measuring 5-8 cm. Be kept for 4 months in 2 stages with each stage for 2 months.
2. Seeds can be obtained from the bath / pond nurseries or seed can also be obtained from the nests of seed that exist in nature.
3. Selection of seedlings can be obtained from breeding or spawning ponds. Usually eels eels dipijahkan is ± 30 cm-sized female and male eels measuring ± 40 cm.
4. Spawning performed in spawning ponds with a capacity of one tail male with two females to the pool area of ​​1 m 2. Spawning time lasts approximately 10 days of new eel fish eggs to hatch. And 5-8 days after hatching age children with a size ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 cm eel. In this size of eels taken immediately to be placed in nursery ponds candidate seeds / seedlings candidates. Eel the size of such a child is placed immediately above the pool of candidates nursery seedlings for ± 1 (one) month until the child is measuring 5-8 cm eel. With this measure the child can already maintained in the eel pond eel for consumption for two months or four months.
2. Seed Treatment and Care
From the results of eel spawning child accommodated in the pool of candidates seed nursery for 1 month. In this case the seed is treated as precisely as possible so that not much is lost. With clean water and better still if the water flow.
3. Maintenance Enlargement eel
1. Fertilization
Which had rotted straw needed to form a fertile siltation and manure are also required as one of the major organic ingredients.
2. Giving Feed
If needed could be given additional food in the form of worms, cockroaches, large caterpillars (maggots) given every 10 days.
3. Giving Vaccinations
4. Swimming and Pond Maintenance
Noteworthy in the maintenance of eels is to keep the pool so that there is no interference from outside and inside the pool is not toxic.

7. Pests and diseases EEL

1. Pest
1. Pests on eels is the higher animals which directly interfere with the life of an eel.
2. In the wild and in open ponds, which often attacks the eel pests include: beavers, snakes, frogs, birds, insects, water and fish ferret cork.
3. In the yard, especially in urban areas, pests that often affects only the frogs and cats. Maintenance intensive eel attacked not many pests.
2. Disease
A common disease attack is a disease caused by low levels of organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa are small.

8. HARVEST EEL

Harvesting of eels in the form of two types namely:

1. The form of seeds / seedlings are sold to be bred / farmed.
2. Maintenance in the form of the final results are ready for sale eel for consumption (size / length is in accordance with market demand / consumer). Catching eels the same way as other fishing equipment, among others: bubu / posong, net / mesh soft-edged, with a fishing rod or a hook and draining the pool water so that live eels taken alone.

9. Postharvest EEL

On the maintenance of eels commercially and in large numbers, post-harvest handling needs serious attention. This is so the eel can be accepted by the consumer in good quality, so as to have an extensive marketing network.

10. EEL FARMING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

1. Cultivation of Business Analysis eel
Approximate analysis of eel for 3 months in West Java in 2010 is as follows:
1. Production Costs
1. Making ground pool 2 x 3 x 1, 4 HOK@Rp.150.000, - Rp. 600.000, -
2. Seeds of 30 kg (1kg = 100 tail eels) / 3000 tail x @ Rp. 45,000, -/kg Rp. 1.35 million, -
3. Additional food (meat rabbits 3 tails) @ 15,000, and Rp. 45.000, -
4. Others Rp. 200.000, -
Number of Production Cost Rp.2.195.000, -
2. Revenue: 3000 tail = 300 kg x @ Rp. 25.000, - Rp. 7.500.000, -
3. Profit of Rp. 5,305,000, -

10.2. Agribusiness Opportunity Overview eel

Eel fish, either in hatchery and rearing have a pretty good prospect. Consumer demand for ever increasing presence of eel fishing. With good maintenance techniques, you will get a satisfactory outcome cultivation and consumers demand.

11. REFERENCES

1. Satwono, B. 1999. Eel aquaculture and Tidar. Self-Help Publishers spreader (Member IKAPI). Jakarta.
2. Ronni Hendrik S. 1999. Eel aquaculture. Publisher Bhratara, Jakarta

Sources: iptek.net.id